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Cureus Mar 2023Bacillary angiomatosis (BA) is an angioproliferative disease caused by species. It manifests as nodules or papules in immunocompromised patients. Oral lesions are very...
Bacillary angiomatosis (BA) is an angioproliferative disease caused by species. It manifests as nodules or papules in immunocompromised patients. Oral lesions are very rare, unlike cutaneous lesions, and histopathology plays a vital role in distinguishing these lesions from other similar ones. Treatment mainly comprises macrolides erythromycin, clarithromycin, or doxycycline.
PubMed: 37123686
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.36844 -
International Journal of Microbiology 2023Dermatological disorders are among the most prevalent manifestations of HIV infection/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). In this review, we aimed to characterize... (Review)
Review
Dermatological disorders are among the most prevalent manifestations of HIV infection/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). In this review, we aimed to characterize the various dermatologic presentations among HIV-infected patients with a detailed categorization of the mucocutaneous signs and symptoms, their etiopathogenic factors, and clinical management. In fact, cutaneous manifestations of HIV are quite various, ranging from AIDS-specific skin eruptions (xerosis, pruritic papular eruptions, eosinophilic folliculitis, and acne), opportunistic infections (herpes simplex, molluscum contagiosum, cutaneous leishmaniasis, bacillary angiomatosis, disseminated histoplasmosis, disseminated cryptococcosis, and zoster) to AIDS-related malignancies (Kaposi's sarcoma, lymphoma, and nonmelanoma skin cancers) and antiretroviral therapy (ART)-associated drug eruptions. We tried to classify HIV-related cutaneous presentations which can help clinicians for a better understanding of the various specific and nonspecific features of AIDS-associated cutaneous manifestations and management of the condition.
PubMed: 37496761
DOI: 10.1155/2023/6203193 -
Dermatology Practical & Conceptual Oct 2021
PubMed: 35024220
DOI: 10.5826/dpc.1104a88 -
Clinical Microbiology Reviews Jul 1996Bartonella (formerly Rochalimaea) quintana is the etiological agent of trench fever, a disease extensively reported during the World Wars. Recent molecular biology... (Review)
Review
Bartonella (formerly Rochalimaea) quintana is the etiological agent of trench fever, a disease extensively reported during the World Wars. Recent molecular biology approaches have allowed dramatic extension of the spectrum of Bartonella infections. B. quintana is now also recognized as an etiological agent of fever and bacteremia, endocarditis, bacillary angiomatosis, and chronic lymphadenopathy. Human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients and/or homeless people are the most vulnerable to infection. Poverty and louse infestation were the main epidemiological factors associated with B. quintana infections during wartime. Although poverty and chronic alcoholism have been associated with modern cases of trench fever and bacteremia due to B. quintana in Europe and the United States, vectors for B. quintana have not been clearly identified and B. quintana has not been isolated from modern-day lice. Microscopic bacillary angiomatosis lesions are characterized by tumor-like capillary lobules, with proliferating endothelial cells. In vitro experiments have shown that B. quintana survives within endothelial cells and stimulates cell proliferation. These observations, together with the finding that lesions may regress when antibiotic therapy is administered, strongly suggest that B. quintana itself stimulates angiogenesis. Bartonella infections are characterized by a high frequency of relapses after brief courses of antibiotic therapy. It is to be noted that in vitro, although Bartonella species are highly susceptible to antibiotics, only the aminoglycosides have proved to be bactericidal. However, the most effective antibiotic regimen for Bartonella infections remains to be established.
Topics: Angiomatosis, Bacillary; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Arthropod Vectors; Bacteremia; Bacteriological Techniques; Bartonella quintana; Cats; DNA, Bacterial; Disease Reservoirs; Endocarditis; Humans; Lymphadenitis; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Risk Factors; Serology; Trench Fever
PubMed: 8809460
DOI: 10.1128/CMR.9.3.273 -
IDCases 2019We report a case of bacillary angiomatosis in a solid organ transplant recipient with typical skin lesions. Bacillary angiomatosis is an uncommon disease characterized...
We report a case of bacillary angiomatosis in a solid organ transplant recipient with typical skin lesions. Bacillary angiomatosis is an uncommon disease characterized by neovascular proliferation caused by infection with Bartonella henselae or Bartonella quintana. Bacillary angiomatosis was first described in patients with HIV and CD4 cell counts <100/μL, but also occur in patients with other causes of immune deficiency. The disease usually manifests as skin tumors, and may involve other organs, most commonly the spleen and liver, known as peliosis. The involvement of internal organs can lead to fatal disease. Diagnosis is based on histology, culture, PCR and serology. The optimal antibiotic regimen and treatment duration for bacillary angiomatosis has not been established. Most authors recommend prolonged treatment (usually 12 weeks) of doxycycline or macrolide with addition of rifampicin or gentamycin for patients with severe disease. Recurrence after treatment is not rare. Suppressive therapy may be considered for patients with relapse after 12 weeks of therapy and continuous immunosuppression.
PubMed: 31828013
DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2019.e00649 -
International Journal of Infectious... Aug 2023Bacillary angiomatosis is a disseminated vascular proliferative disease caused by aerobic gram-negative bacilli Bartonella henselae or Bartonella quintana. Bacillary...
Bacillary angiomatosis is a disseminated vascular proliferative disease caused by aerobic gram-negative bacilli Bartonella henselae or Bartonella quintana. Bacillary angiomatosis is mostly described in immunosuppressed patients with HIV infection and organ transplant recipients. We describe the case of a female aged 75 years who is a kidney transplant recipient who was admitted for a 3-month history of intermittent fever, chills, vomiting, and a 12-kg weight loss. The maintenance immunosuppression was based on prednisone, mycophenolate, and monthly infusions of belatacept. Physical examination was unremarkable. Laboratory investigations revealed elevated blood acute phase proteins but all blood cultures were negative. Serological tests for Bartonella were negative. Thoracoabdominal computed tomography scan and transesophageal echocardiography were normal. A Positron Emission Tomography scan showed a hypermetabolic mass in the duodenopancreatic region, with multiple hepatic and splenic lesions. Histological findings of spleen and pancreatic biopsies were not conclusive. The histopathological examination of a celiac lymph node biopsy finally demonstrated bacillary angiomatosis. The diagnosis of bacillary angiomatosis in immunocompromised patients is most often delayed in the absence of skin involvement. A high index of clinical suspicion is needed when interpreting negative results.
Topics: Humans; Female; Angiomatosis, Bacillary; Abatacept; HIV Infections; Kidney Transplantation; Immunosuppression Therapy
PubMed: 37086865
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2023.04.404 -
Parasites & Vectors Dec 2018Bartonellosis is a vector-borne zoonotic disease with worldwide distribution that can infect humans and a large number of mammals including small companion animals (cats... (Review)
Review
Bartonellosis is a vector-borne zoonotic disease with worldwide distribution that can infect humans and a large number of mammals including small companion animals (cats and dogs). In recent years, an increasing number of studies from around the world have reported Bartonella infections, although publications have predominantly focused on the North American perspective. Currently, clinico-pathological data from Europe are more limited, suggesting that bartonellosis may be an infrequent or underdiagnosed infectious disease in cats and dogs. Research is needed to confirm or exclude Bartonella infection as a cause of a spectrum of feline and canine diseases. Bartonella spp. can cause acute or chronic infections in cats, dogs and humans. On a comparative medical basis, different clinical manifestations, such as periods of intermittent fever, granulomatous inflammation involving the heart, liver, lymph nodes and other tissues, endocarditis, bacillary angiomatosis, peliosis hepatis, uveitis and vasoproliferative tumors have been reported in cats, dogs and humans. The purpose of this review is to provide an update and European perspective on Bartonella infections in cats and dogs, including clinical, diagnostic, epidemiological, pathological, treatment and zoonotic aspects.
Topics: Animals; Bartonella; Bartonella Infections; Cat Diseases; Cats; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Europe; Humans; Prevalence; Zoonoses
PubMed: 30514361
DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-3152-6 -
Parasites & Vectors Apr 2011Bartonella henselae, the agent of cat scratch disease and the vasculoproliferative disorders bacillary angiomatosis and peliosis hepatis, contains to date two groups of... (Review)
Review
Bartonella henselae, the agent of cat scratch disease and the vasculoproliferative disorders bacillary angiomatosis and peliosis hepatis, contains to date two groups of described pathogenicity factors: adhesins and type IV secretion systems. Bartonella adhesin A (BadA), the Trw system and possibly filamentous hemagglutinin act as promiscous or specific adhesins, whereas the virulence locus (Vir)B/VirD4 type IV secretion system modulates a variety of host cell functions. BadA mediates bacterial adherence to endothelial cells and extracellular matrix proteins and triggers the induction of angiogenic gene programming. The VirB/VirD4 type IV secretion system is responsible for, e.g., inhibition of host cell apoptosis, bacterial persistence in erythrocytes, and endothelial sprouting. The Trw-conjugation system of Bartonella spp. mediates host-specific adherence to erythrocytes. Filamentous hemagglutinins represent additional potential pathogenicity factors which are not yet characterized. The exact molecular functions of these pathogenicity factors and their contribution to an orchestral interplay need to be analyzed to understand B. henselae pathogenicity in detail.
Topics: Adhesins, Bacterial; Angiomatosis, Bacillary; Animals; Bacterial Adhesion; Bartonella henselae; Cat-Scratch Disease; Cats; Endothelial Cells; Erythrocytes; Extracellular Matrix Proteins; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Membrane Transport Proteins; Peliosis Hepatis; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 21489243
DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-4-54 -
Indian Journal of Dermatology 2015Bacillary angiomatosis is an infectious disease caused by two Gram-negative bacilli; this disease usually affects immunosuppressed hosts with a history of cat scratch....
Bacillary angiomatosis is an infectious disease caused by two Gram-negative bacilli; this disease usually affects immunosuppressed hosts with a history of cat scratch. We report a rare case of bacillary angiomatosis in an immunocompetent 26-year-old woman with no history of exposure to cats, and with atypical clinical features (very pruritic vascular papules and nodules with ulceration and hemorrhage on the right arm and fingers). She was successfully treated with clarithromycin for 3 months. Bacillary angiomatosis must be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of any papules and nodules in cases of unknown etiology and also in immunocompetent patients and HIV-negative individual.
PubMed: 26538736
DOI: 10.4103/0019-5154.164444 -
Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia 2016Bacillary angiomatosis is an infection determined by Bartonella henselae and B. quintana, rare and prevalent in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. We...
Bacillary angiomatosis is an infection determined by Bartonella henselae and B. quintana, rare and prevalent in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. We describe a case of a patient with AIDS and TCD4+ cells equal to 9/mm3, showing reddish-violet papular and nodular lesions, disseminated over the skin, most on the back of the right hand and third finger, with osteolysis of the distal phalanx observed by radiography. The findings of vascular proliferation with presence of bacilli, on the histopathological examination of the skin and bone lesions, led to the diagnosis of bacillary angiomatosis. Corroborating the literature, in the present case the infection affected a young man (29 years old) with advanced immunosuppression and clinical and histological lesions compatible with the diagnosis.
Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Angiomatosis, Bacillary; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Azithromycin; Bartonella henselae; Biopsy; Cancellous Bone; Ceftriaxone; Humans; Male; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult
PubMed: 28099606
DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20165436